![]() We therefore claim that sexual science would benefit from a more systematic assessment of SM practices and in particular, from tools that allow representative observations. However, even though this more recent literature utilized a broad variety of different quantitative and qualitative methods, the nature of SM is still incompletely understood. It was not until the 1970s and 1980s that a growing body of literature from the social sciences broadened the perspective toward a non-pathological view on SM behavior (Weinberg, 1994). This clinical perspective that considers SM practices as a psychopathological deviation has consequently shaped the early conceptualization of SM behavior. Thus, it mainly stems from clinical observations in patients suffering from their SM tendencies and not from observations in the general population (Weinberg, 2006). Most of the early knowledge gained on SM behavior can be traced back to the early psychoanalytic work of Freud ( 1938) or Kraft-Ebbing ( 1965). The term sadomasochism (SM) finds its origins in two concepts: (1) sadism, which itself is linked to Comte marquis de Sade (1740–1814), whose writings covered sexual cruelty in an erotic sense, and (2) masochism, which derives from the writer Masoch (1836–1905), whose novels reflected erotic appeal by pain, submission, and humiliation (Cleugh, 1952). It aims to provide the basis for future systematic studies on sadomasochism. The newly developed scale is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of the frequency of and attraction to SM behavior. The total scores for the dominance and the submission scale distinguish between participants with different preferences for dominant and submissive practices. The distinction between different types of practices (soft play, domination/submission, beating, toys, breath and bodily fluids) was confirmed using principal component analysis. Results revealed a one-factor structure for the dominance as well as the submission scale. Both the frequency of SM behavior and the attraction to the types of SM practices were assessed. The sadomasochism checklist was administered in an online study to a sample of 652 adults (345 female, 307 male), with 527 participants being active members in the SM community. A comprehensive 24-item checklist of different types of SM play was generated with the assistance of members of the German SM community, covering both a dominance scale and a submission scale. ![]() Our aim was to develop a comprehensive tool for the assessment of an individual’s engagement in SM practices. Empirical studies and tools for the assessment of SM tendencies are particularly sparse. However, only a fragmented body of theories, opinions, and studies is available, which limits the systematic study of this field. 4 means you like doing this activity, and would like to experience it on a regular basis.Various scientific disciplines devoted to the study of sexual behavior are concerned with the understanding of sadomasochistic (SM) practices.3 means you usually like doing this activity, at least on an occasional basis.2 means you are willing to do this activity, but it has no special appeal for you.1 means you don't want to do or like to do this activity, but wouldn't object if it were asked of you. ![]() 0 (zero) indicates you have utterly no desire to do that activity and don't like doing it (in fact, may loath it) and would ordinarily object to doing it, but you would permit the Dominant to do it if it they really wanted it.NO means you will NOT do that item under any circumstances (a hard limit)."?" means you don't understand what the item is attempting to describe. For willingness, indicate for each item how you feel about DOING that activity by rating it on a scale of NO or 0 to 5.Mark N/A if it does not apply to your gender. ![]() For experience, write YES or NO next to each item to indicate if you have ever DONE that activity.For each item, you need to provide two answers as follows: Switches should go through the checklist twice one persons Dom and sub interests may vary widely. Dominants may wish to work through the checklist, to get a better handle on their specific interests. This will provide a quick "head-start" to identifying limits, negotiating and finding common ground for play. This checklist should be filled out by a Sub and provided to their Dom/Top before playing with them.
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